Algiers
The city of Algiers is the capital of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, and it is also called the White Algiers; this is due to its bright white buildings, an area of 440 square kilometers, and it is located on the western shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
History of Algiers
Algiers was founded in 944 AD, and before its official establishment, it was a commercial center, as it represented the political center of the Berber dynasty Zuraid Sanhaja until the twelfth century, and in the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire seized the rule of the city, and in 1830 AD the city and state were completely occupied by French forces, the capital was then known as the capital of French Algeria until it became independent in 1962.
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The names of the city have changed and varied over the ages, the population, and the languages. It was called Ikosium at the time of the Phoenicians when they were the first to establish the city. The French called it Algee, and the inhabitants of the city called it Dzayre. They called it Dzire, Al-Bahja, Al-Mahrousa, and Al-Jazeera Al-White, because of the whiteness and brightness of its buildings and structures, which the viewer thinks are rising from the roof of the city.
It is said that the Arabic name was taken from the group of islands located off the city, as the plural of the island is Algeria, and it came to Lisan Al Arab :
Algeria (city) The island is land at low tide. Al-Tahdheeb: An island is a land in the sea from which seawater escapes, as it seems, as well as a land that is not covered by a stream and is looked at because it is an island. Al-Jawhari: The island is one of the islands of the sea, so named because it is cut off from the mainland, Algeria (city).
Its name (French: Alger), which is pronounced "Alge" as it came in a small note by Albert Farhat, is derived from the Catalan Alguère, which in turn is derived from "Algérie", which is the name that Bologin gave it. Ibn Ziri, founder of the Zirid state when it was built in 960 AD, on the ruins of the ancient Phoenician city that bore the name of Icosium (French: Icosium), and the name refers to the islands that were off the port of Algiers at that time and which were then incorporated into the current pier of the port.
The Muslim geographer Abu al-Qasim Ibrahim Muhammad al-Karkhi is considered the first to refer to it as the islands of Bani Mazghana, in the early fourth century AH, when he said: “The islands of Bani Mazghana are an abandoned city. It is a vast and fertile land-like city.
Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hawqal described it around the year 337 AH when he visited it during the reign of Belkin and said: "The islands of Banu Mazghna is a city with a wall to the sea, and it has many markets and it has good eyes on the sea, and he drank them, and there is a large desert, and mountains in which there are large Berber tribes And most of the livestock, including cows and sheep, move in the mountains, and they have honey that is prepared for them, and ghee and figs that fall there, and apart from that, of these reasons is the device in Kairouan and other places, and they have an adjacent island in the sea.
The famous Andalusian geographer Abu Ubaid al-Bakri mentioned in his description of North Africa (Book of Ways and Kingdoms) in the chapter where he talks about the road between Asher and the islands of Banu Mizghana around 1068 A.D. (i.e., about six centuries before the arrival of the Turks): "... and it is a large city." It is an old building, with traces of the first and courts indicating that it was the home of the king of the ancestors of the nations."
There are also some theories to note:
- According to Ismael Mujbar, Bologin bin Ziri named Algeria "Ziri" in honor of his father's name. Thus, according to the nominal study, the name Algeria is derived from it.
This can be supported by al-Bakri's assertion that the inhabitants of Algeria and its surroundings were Berbers ( Bani Mazgna ), who lived alongside the Berber kingdom of the Hammadids, and from there, It is difficult to believe that the origin of the name was Algeria, that is to say, a set of islands, especially since the founders of the city were the Zirids who occupied the city at the time Bologin, Ben Ziri so that the name of its inhabitants became "Ziriun, Banu Mizghana.
- Algeria is pronounced in the local dialect dziri, which would derive from the Berber word tiziri, meaning "moonlight".
Population of Algiers
The population of the Algiers region is estimated at about 3.4 million people,[2] and the population density is about 11,000 people for 8,300 per square kilometer and inhabited by a different group of people from many backgrounds and countries, and about 53% of the people speak Arabic, and they speak 44% of the population is the Berber language, while 3% of its inhabitants were born in another country.
The tourist places
The Kasbah The old Kasbah is the heart of the city of Algiers, and is a maze of narrow, sloping streets, and contains many Ottoman palaces, most of which are clustered around the Ketchaoua Mosque at the end of Ahmed Bouzarina Street, and where fierce fighting took place during the Battle of Algiers.
Dar Hassan Basha is considered one of Algeria's historic sites and is named after its original owner, Hassan Pasha, who was the ruler of Algeria in the past.
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