Biskra (French: Biskra), is an Algerian city and municipality and is the capital of the province of Biskra, located in northeastern Algeria, 400 km from the country's capital.
Etymology
The real name of Biskra has remained a subject of controversy among historians, researchers, and even Arab and European travelers because of conflicting sources that deal with this historical issue:
Some of them think that its name comes from the word Vesera or Fischera, which is a Roman designation for the station or commercial headquarters, because of its strategic location, which qualified it as a transit area and meeting point between the north and the south, and one of the most important stations of the Limes line built by the Romans after their occupation of the Maghreb.
Others also believe that the origin of the word Biskra is derived from Sikkara, and this name was given to it because of the sweetness of its dates, for which it was famous, and the sweetness of its waters that flow through it.
While others think that the real name is (Abesinam), which is a Roman word meaning spring, related to the mineral bath of the righteous.
As for Yaqoot al-Hamawi, he was mentioned in his dictionary: "Biskra - Kasr al-Kaf, behind, a city in Morocco in the direction of the Zab, between this and the castle of the Bani Hammad, there are two stages. and all, he said: It is a walled city with markets and baths, and its inhabitants are scholars according to the doctrine of the people of the city, and there is a mountain of salt carved like a majestic rock, and it is known as the palm tree.
French colonialism
When France attacked the capital (Algeria) on July 05, 1830, it began to engulf the rest of the country, despite its promise to settle only for the capital, and one of the areas it practically sought to occupy was the Biskra region as an outlet and a route to the southeastern regions of the country, and at that time it represented the eighth state For the state of Emir Abdelkader (1807 AD - 1883 AD), the founder of the modern Algerian state, and the seat of this state was the city of Sidi Oqba, and it was managed by Farhat bin Said, Hussein bin Azzouz and Muhammad Al-Saghir Belhaj, respectively, and on March 04, 1844, the destructive forces were able to direct the Duke Domal bin King of France to enter Biskra and erect a fort, as confirmed by Dr. Muhammad al-Arabi al-Zubayri, and despite the occupation of the odious capital of labor (Biskra), the flame of jihad and rebellion against the enemy remained burning in the souls of its sons.
Armed resistance
After the failure of popular uprisings and organized revolutions led by the Algerian people against the usurping occupier during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Algerians resorted to a new method of resistance represented in the political and reformist option by establishing parties, associations, and clubs, publishing newspapers and magazines, organizing demonstrations and popular gatherings, and because of its history and strategic location. During the twenties, thirties, and forties of the twentieth century, Biskra became a stronghold of national and reformist movements, especially the Algerian People's Party and then the Movement of Victory for Democratic Freedoms founded by the father of the Algerian national movement, Mr. Messali al-Hajj. It also hosted the private military organization that began to prepare the armed action and the revolution against the French enemy from 1947, Biskra was also one of the most important centers of the Movement of the Lovers of the Declaration and Freedom, which turned into the Democratic Union of the Algerian Declaration in 1946 led by Mr. Farhat Abbas and his deputy, Mr. M. Moussa. Farhat Abbas and his deputy, Dr. Saâdane, resided in Biskra, which he transformed into a space for his national struggle and against the arrogance of the French enemy. Due to the scientific and cultural character of Biskra, historically, it became present in the Association of Muslim Scholars led by the pioneer of the contemporary Algerian Renaissance, Abdelhamid bin Badis, as many of its leaders were born in the Biskra region, led by the scholar Tayeb Al-Uqbi and Sheikh Mohamed Khair Al-Din, vice-president of the association, and the great Algerian poet Muhammad Al-Eid Al Khalifa, Sheikh Ali Maghribi, Sheikh Ahmed Sahnoun, Sheikh Farhat bin Al-Darraji, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Hadi Al-Senussi Al-Zahiri. .. and others.
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